Adult Changes in Thought Study

Key ACT Publications

Additional details about the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) Study and its data can be found in several past key publications. Helpful references for each category of ACT Study data are also listed on that data category’s page.

  • Kukull WA, Higdon R, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Schellenberg GD, van Belle G, Jolley L, & Larson EB. (2002). Dementia and Alzheimer disease incidence: a prospective cohort study. Archives of Neurology, 59(11), 1737–1746. doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.11.1737
  • Larson EB, Wang L, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Crane P, & Kukull W. (2006). Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older. Annals of Internal Medicine, 144(2), 73–81. doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00004 
  • Crane PK, Gibbons LE, McCurry SM, McCormick W, Bowen JD, Sonnen J, Keene CD, Grabowski T, Montine TJ, Larson EB. (2016). Importance of home study visit capacity in dementia studies. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 12(4), 419-26. doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.10.007. 

  • Kukull WA, Higdon R, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Schellenberg GD, van Belle G, Jolley L, & Larson EB. (2002). Dementia and Alzheimer disease incidence: a prospective cohort study. Archives of Neurology, 59(11), 1737–1746. doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.11.1737
  • Larson EB, Wang L, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Crane P, & Kukull W. (2006). Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older. Annals of Internal Medicine, 144(2), 73–81. doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00004 

  • Ross TR, Ng D, Brown JS, Pardee R, Hornbrook MC, Hart G, & Steiner JF. (2014). The HMO Research Network Virtual Data Warehouse: A Public Data Model to Support Collaboration. EGEMS (Washington, DC), 2(1), 1049. doi.org/10.13063/2327-9214.1049
  • Gray SL, Anderson ML, Dublin S, Hanlon JT, Hubbard R, Walker R, Yu O, Crane PK, Larson EB. (2015). Cumulative use of strong anticholinergics and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study. JAMA Internal Medicine, 75(3), 401-7. doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7663. 
  • Gray SL, Walker RL, Dublin S, Yu O, Aiello Bowles EJ, Anderson ML, Crane PK, Larson EB. (2018). Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Dementia Risk: Prospective Population-Based Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(2), 247-253. doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15073. 
  • Barnes DE, Zhou J, Walker RL, Larson EB, Lee SJ, Boscardin WJ, Marcum ZA, Dublin S. (2020). Development and Validation of eRADAR: A Tool Using EHR Data to Detect Unrecognized Dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(1), 103-111. doi.org//10.1111/jgs.16182. 

  • Gatto NM, Renz A, Tom SE, Lyons M, Macuiba JA, Dodd TS, Lind BK, Gray SL, Meyers K, Larson EB, Nelson JC, McEvoy LK, Sankaran S, Key D, Litondo JA, Crane PK. The Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) Medical Records Abstraction Project: A Resource for Research on Biological, Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors on the Aging Brain and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Brain Sci. 2024 Oct 28;14(11):1075. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14111075. PMID: 39595838; PMCID: PMC11592130.

  • Barthold D, Gibbons LE, Marcum ZA, Gray SL, Dirk Keene C, Grabowski TJ, Postupna N, Larson EB, Crane PK. (2021). Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neuropathology Among Patients with Medication Treated Type 2 Diabetes in a Community-Based Autopsy Cohort. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 83(3), 1303-1312. doi.org/10.3233/JAD-210059. 

  • Sonnen JA, Larson EB, Haneuse S, Woltjer R, Li G, Crane PK, Craft S, Montine TJ. (2009). Neuropathology in the adult changes in thought study: a review. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 18(3), 703-11. doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2009-1180. 

  • Marcum ZA, Keene CD, Larson EB. (2021). Leveraging neuropathological data in pharmacoepidemiology: A promising approach for dementia prevention? Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 30(1), 1-3. doi.org/10.1002/pds.5068. 

  • Lee CS, Latimer CS, Henriksen JC, Blazes M, Larson EB, Crane PK, Keene CD, Lee AY. (2021). Application of deep learning to understand resilience to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 31(6), e12974. doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12974. 

  • Postupna N, Rose SE, Gibbons LE, Coleman NM, Hellstern LL, Ritchie K, Wilson AM, Cudaback E, Li X, Melief EJ, Beller AE, Miller JA, Nolan AL, Marshall DA, Walker R, Montine TJ, Larson EB, Crane PK, Ellenbogen RG, Lein ES, Dams-O'Connor K, Keene CD. (2021) The Delayed Neuropathological Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Community-Based Sample. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 624696. doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.

  • Groot C, Grothe MJ, Mukherjee S, Jelistratova I, Jansen I, van Loenhoud AC, Risacher SL, Saykin AJ, Mac Donald CL, Mez J, Trittschuh EH, Gryglewski G, Lanzenberger R, Pijnenburg YAL, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Crane PK, Ossenkoppele R. (2021). Differential patterns of gray matter volumes and associated gene expression profiles in cognitively-defined Alzheimer's disease subgroups. Neuroimage Clinical, 30, 102660. doi.org/ 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102660. 

  • Rosenberg DE, Walker R, Greenwood-Hickman MA, Bellettiere J, Xiang Y, Richmire K, Higgins M, Wing D, Larson EB, Crane PK, & LaCroix AZ. (2020). Device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior in a community-based cohort of older adults. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1256. doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09330-z
  • Wu Y, Rosenberg DE, Greenwood-Hickman MA, McCurry SM, Proust-Lima C, Nelson JC, Crane PK, LaCroix AZ, Larson EB, Shaw PA. Analysis of the 24-Hour Activity Cycle: An illustration examining the association with cognitive function in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14:1083344. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1083344
  • Rosenberg DE, Wu Y, Idu A, Greenwood-Hickman MA, McCurry SM, LaCroix AZ, Shaw PA. (2024). Historic Cognitive Function Trajectories as Predictors of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Older Adults. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 79(7), glae125. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae125
  • Greenwood-Hickman MA, Zhu W, Idu A, Harrington LB, McCurry SM, LaCroix AZ, Shaw PA, Rosenberg DE. (2025). Associations Between 10-year Physical Performance and Activities of Daily Living Trajectories with Physical Behaviors in Older Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2025, 22, 704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050704

  • Crane PK, Trittschuh E, Mukherjee S, Saykin AJ, Sanders RE, Larson EB, McCurry SM, McCormick W, Bowen JD, Grabowski T, Moore M, Bauman J, Gross AL, Keene CD, Bird TD, Gibbons LE, Mez J; Executive Prominent Alzheimer's Disease: Genetics and Risk Factors (EPAD:GRF) Investigators. (2017). Incidence of cognitively defined late-onset Alzheimer's dementia subgroups from a prospective cohort study. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 13(12), 1307-1316. doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.04.011. 
  • Crane PK, Foroud T, Montine TJ, Larson EB. (2017). Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project discovery and replication criteria for cases and controls: Data from a community-based prospective cohort study with autopsy follow-up. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 13(12), 1410-1413. doi:.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.09.010. 

  • Tom SE, Hubbard RA, Crane PK, Haneuse SJ, Bowen J, McCormick WC, McCurry S, Larson EB. (2015). Characterization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in an older population: updated incidence and life expectancy with and without dementia. American Journal of Public Health, 105(2), 408-13. doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301935
  • Tom SE, Phadke M, Hubbard RA, Crane PK, Stern Y, Larson EB. (2020). Association of Association of Demographic and Early-Life Socioeconomic Factors by Birth Cohort With Dementia Incidence Among US Adults Born Between 1893 and 1949. JAMA Network Open, 3(7), e2011094. doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11094.
  • Power MC, Murphy AE, Gianattasio KZ, Zhang YI, Walker RL, Crane PK, Larson EB, Gibbons LE, Kumar RG, Dams-O'Connor K. (2021). Association of Military Employment With Late-Life Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Military Medicine, usab413. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usab413. 

  • Lee CS, Gibbons LE, Lee AY, Yanagihara RT, Blazes MS, Lee ML, McCurry SM, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Crane PK, Larson EB. (2022). Association between cataract extraction and development of dementia. JAMA Internal Medicine, 182 (2), 134-141. doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6990
  • Lee CS, Larson EB, Gibbons LE, Lee AY, McCurry SM, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Crane PK. (2019). Associations between recent and established ophthalmic conditions and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 15(1), 34–41. doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856
  • Haneuse S, Schildcrout J, Crane P, Sonnen J, Breitner J, Larson E. (2009). Adjustment for selection bias in observational studies with application to the analysis of autopsy data. Neuroepidemiology, 32(3), 229-39. doi.org/10.1159/000197389. 
  • Crane PK, Walker R, Hubbard RA, Li G, Nathan DM, Zheng H, Haneuse S, Craft S, Montine TJ, Kahn SE, McCormick W, McCurry SM, Bowen JD, & Larson EB. (2013). Glucose levels and risk of dementia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 369(6), 540–548. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1215740 
  • Hubbard RA, Zhou XH. (2011). A comparison of non-homogeneous Markov regression models with application to Alzheimer's disease progression. Journal of Applied Statatistics, 38(10), 2313-2326. doi.org/0.1080/02664763.2010.547567